HinKhoj Dictionary

Rules for change of words showing nearness.

Direct        Indirect

This           that

These        those

Here          there

now/ just     then

Today         that day

Yesterday   the previous day

Tomorrow   the next day

Tonight       that night

Last night   the previous night

Rules for changing the Helping verb (direct speech to indirect speech)

Direct           Indirect

Is, am          was

Are              were

Has, have    had

Shall, will     would

Can             could

May             might

Do, does      did

Must            no change

Should         no change

Had             no change

Would          no change

Could          no change

The rule for changing reporting verb (Direct speech to Indirect speech)

Direct                                                  Indirect

Say, says (without object)                   No change

Say to, says to (with object)                Tell, tells

Said (without object)                           No change

Said to (with object)                            Told

“Darkness cannot drive out darkness: only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate: only love can do that.”
― Martin Luther King Jr.

“अंधेरे से अंधेरा नहीं निकल सकता: केवल रौशनी ही ऐसा कर सकती है। नफरत, नफरत से बाहर नहीं निकल सकती: केवल प्यार ही ऐसा कर सकता है। ”
- मार्टिन लूथर किंग जूनियर।

The Present Tenses
हम वर्तमान काल का उपयोग तब करते हैं जब कोई क्रिया अभी हो रही हो, या जब वह नियमित रूप से होती है।

Simple Present-- Subject+v1+object
I read novels.
Present Continuous Tense-- Subject+ is/am/are+ v1.ing+ object
I am reading Shakespeare at the moment.
Present Perfect Tense-- Subject+ has/have +v3+object
I have read so many books I can’t keep count.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense-- Subject +has/have +been+ v1.ing+ object
I have been reading since I was four years old.